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An eruption of charged material from the Sun will create vivid displays of Northern Lights as far south as the Midwest on Labor Day, according to NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center.
A solar event known as a full-halo coronal mass ejection (CME) was seen by NOAA and NASA satellites erupting from the Sun on Saturday, prompting the SWPC to issue a Geomagnetic Storm Watch through Tuesday. This charged energy from the Sun is traveling at 2 million mph through space and will likely reach Earth beginning Monday night.
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Unlike a regular CME, which departs from one area, halo CME emissions appear as a ring on a coronagraph image. According to the SWPC, full halo CMEs from the front side of the Sun, like the one observed on Saturday, almost always result in geomagnetic storms on Earth.
File: Northern lights (Aurora Borealis) illuminate the sky in Alaska's Eklutna Tailrace, United States on March 09, 2025. (Hasan Akbas / Anadolu / Getty Images)
These types of CMES can cause disruptions to technology, including the power grid, satellite operations and GPS. The SWPC has informed infrastructure operators of the impending geomagnetic storm.
When will impacts from the CME arrive at Earth?
The SWPC forecasts impacts from the CME will interact with Earth’s atmosphere between Monday night and Tuesday morning East Coast time.
The leading edge of the CME, called the shock front, will arrive first, leading to Level 1 and 2 (out of 5) geomagnetic storming late Monday. Hours later, the magnetic core of the CME will arrive with strong Level 3, and possibly, severe Level 4 storming.
Early Tuesday, the greatest Kp levels are forecast to reach 6.67 out of 9 on NOAA's geomagnetic storm scale. The higher the KP value, the farther south the lights will appear. If the KP level reaches 7, lights will appear as far south as Wyoming.
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Moderate Level 2 geomagnetic storming is likely Monday night with strong Level 3 conditions likely into Tuesday.
Under the current forecast, aurora lights will be best viewed in the early hours of Tuesday morning.
Aurora cloud cover forecast. (FOX Weather)
LINK: GET UPDATES ON THE FORECAST FROM FOX WEATHER